![]() If we find the total number of electrons in the atom or ion and fill the shells from inside to outside in this way, we can determine the atom or ion’s electronic configuration. It’s also important to know that electron shells will fill outward, meaning, for example, that there need to be two electrons in the first shell before any appear in the second, eight electrons in the second shell before any appear in the third, and so on. Note that sometimes we use e− to signify an electron with its negative charge. Beyond the element calcium, more electrons can be added to the third shell up to 18 total, but we will use a capacity of eight electrons as a simplification for this problem. And when dealing with electron configurations up to the element calcium, element number 20, we say that the third electron shell can hold eight electrons. The second electron shell can hold eight electrons. The first electron shell closest to the nucleus can hold two electrons. A key piece of information to know when determining an electronic configuration is the maximum number of electrons of each electron shell. For example, in choice (E), the electronic configuration 2, 1 signifies that there are two electrons in the first innermost electron shell and one electron in the second electron shell. The electronic configuration is a series of numbers that gives the number of electrons in each electron shell of the atom or ion. Which electronic configuration describes how the electrons are arranged in the shells of a sodium ion? (A) 2, 8, 8, 5 (B) 2, 8, 2 (C) 2, 8, 1 (D) 2, 8 or (E) 2, 1.Įlectrons are the negatively charged particles that surround the nucleus of an atom or ion.
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